Signal transduction is the fundamental process by which cells convert external cues into tailored intracellular responses. Through a cascade of molecular events—beginning at the cell membrane with the ...

Designated areas (white circles) were irradiated with blue light at specific frequencies (indicated in the top left of each panel) to examine chemotactic aggregation. A research team led by Dr.

In recent years, immune checkpoint therapy headed by programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) and programmed death receptor-ligand 1 (PD-L1) has been proven to be safe and effective. However, clinical ...